Itraconazole is an antifungal medication used to treat various fungal infections, such as those affecting the skin, nails, lungs, mouth, throat, and other organs. It belongs to the triazole class of antifungals and works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a key component of fungal cell membranes, thereby disrupting fungal growth.
 
Key Uses:
- Treats infections like aspergillosis, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, and candidiasis.
- Commonly prescribed for nail fungal infections (onychomycosis) and systemic fungal infections.
- May be used in immunocompromised patients to prevent fungal infections.
 
Forms:
- Available as capsules, oral solution, or intravenous injection.
- Brand names include Sporanox and others.
 
Administration:
- Typically taken with food (capsules) or on an empty stomach (oral solution) for optimal absorption.
- Dosage and duration depend on the infection and patient condition.
 
Side Effects:
- Common: Nausea, diarrhea, rash, headache.
- Serious (rare): Liver toxicity, heart failure, or allergic reactions. Regular monitoring may be required for long-term use.
 
Precautions:
- Contraindicated in patients with heart failure or certain drug allergies.
- Interacts with many medications (e.g., statins, certain antibiotics), so a doctor’s guidance is critical.
- Not recommended during pregnancy unless benefits outweigh risks.
Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized advice and to discuss potential drug interactions or contraindications.