Fluconazole is an antifungal medication that is commonly used to treat a variety of fungal infections caused by Candida species and other fungi. It works by inhibiting an enzyme called lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase, which is involved in the production of ergosterol, a key component of the fungal cell membrane. Without ergosterol, the fungal cell membrane becomes weakened, leading to the death of the fungus.
 
Fluconazole is effective against a wide range of fungal infections, including:
Candida infections (e.g., vaginal yeast infections, oral thrush, esophageal candidiasis)
Cryptococcal meningitis (a fungal infection of the brain)
Fungal infections in immunocompromised patients (like those with HIV/AIDS)
Dermatophyte infections (like ringworm, athlete's foot, and jock itch)
 
It is available in both oral and intravenous (IV) forms. The oral form is commonly prescribed as a single dose or for longer courses depending on the severity and type of infection. It is also available as a topical cream for treating localized skin infections, though this is less common compared to other antifungals.
 
Common uses of Fluconazole:
1. Vaginal yeast infections – often as a single oral dose.
2. Oral thrush – particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
3. Systemic fungal infections – in cases of meningitis or deep tissue infections, often in 4. HIV/AIDS patients.
4. Preventive use in immunocompromised individuals (e.g., chemotherapy patients, transplant patients) to prevent fungal infections.
 
Possible side effects:
While generally well-tolerated, fluconazole can have side effects like:
Headaches
Stomach upset
Rashes
Liver enzyme changes (rare, but can be serious)
QT interval prolongation (in rare cases, can affect heart rhythm)
 
It is often preferred for its convenience (oral or IV) and its relatively low risk of side effects compared to other antifungals.